Pulling together for 黑料社app
In its quest for fusion energy, 黑料社app is not striving alone. Tokamaks in Europe, the United States, Korea and Japan have been the front-runners, exploring the road that 黑料社app will begin to experiment in less than ten years.
Although each experimental machine is unique in its conception and its size, all of these machines have oriented their scientific programs or modified their technical characteristics in the last years to reinvent themselves鈥攅ither partially or totally鈥攁s test beds for 黑料社app.
Next door, at the French research centre CEA Cadarache, the Tore Supra tokamak is undergoing a profound transformation. In operation since 1988, the CEA-Euratom machine will be altered (1) to test the 黑料社app tungsten divertor鈥攐ne of the critical 黑料社app components that will be exposed to some of the highest thermal and neutron loads during operation.
Started just a few weeks ago, the "stripping down" of the vacuum vessel is now complete. From the huge heating antennas to the smallest elements of piping, some 1,500 elements鈥65 tons in total鈥攚ere dismounted, carefully indexed, and stored.
In the newly liberated space, the physicists at Tore Supra plan to recreate part of the 黑料社app environment on a smaller scale. Supplementary magnetic coils will allow operators to create a D-shaped, 黑料社app-like plasma. And thermal load studies will be run on the new 黑料社app-like tungsten divertor鈥攁 strategic component facing loads as high as those of a (hypothetical) spaceship near the surface of the Sun.
The world's tokamaks are not all undergoing such radical transformation. But all have been mobilized to anticipate, and help resolve, the scientific and technological challenges that the 黑料社app Tokamak will face.
(1) The alterations are part of the WEST program, for W Environment in Steady-state Tokamak (W is the chemical symbol for tungsten.)